This paper explores the relationship between farm size, productivity and profitability in major crops in Bhopal District. The study is based on primary- data (2021-22), the study established the empirical evidence that there was no significant difference among size group in case of productivity in most of the crops. Due to high cost of cultivation and dependency on hired farm machinery the marginal and small farmers was founded significantly low profitable in most crops. As the small and marginal farmers used more labours as compared to other farmers they used their own family members as labours because they cannot afford. They receive less profitability because they are not aware from the Government Schemes. Large farmers use less labours by using new technological machines, used for sowing, cultivation and for irrigation purposes.

Keywords: farm-size, Productivity, Profitability, crops, Bhopal District.

Formation of free trade agreements are a part of economic globalisation. Various developed and underdeveloped countries started to liberalize their trade policies through free trade agreements. This has caused various impacts on its participating countries and non-member countries. This paper is a review on the impacts of free trade agreements in the economies. Impacts are broadly classified into macro level impacts and firm level impacts. It has been observed that free trade agreements create positive as well as negative results. These can vary based on the nature of FTAs and type of economy.

Keywords: Free Trade Agreements; Trade creation; Trade Diversion; Firm level impacts

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were the first global attempt to address major global concerns under a single framework. MDGs were approved in 2000 by United Nations member states, with a target to reach all 8 goals by 2015. However, in the background of raising concern to create a better world, the United Nation revamped the framework and introduced Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). At the 2012 Rio-de-Janeiro Conference on Sustainable Development, UN member states made the first attempt to develop the set of SDGs. Later, 193 UN member states endorsed The Agenda 2030 with 17 goals at the Sustainable Development Summit held at UN Headquarters in New York in September 2015 under the title “Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. The study is an attempt to trace India’s progress towards achieving the goals. Efforts are made to compare the achievements across the goals and figure out the path of travel to reach the targets by 2030.

Keywords: Millennium Development Goals, Sustainable Development Goals, Global Goals, Agenda 2030.

This research paper aims to assess the role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). FDI refers to the acquisition of controlling ownership in a business entity in another country through means such as joint ventures or share purchases. FDI is widely recognized as a crucial driver of economic development, both in developing and developed countries. To analyze the role of FDI on India’s GDP, data spanning from 1970 to 2020 is utilized. The research relies on secondary data obtained from various sources, including the World Bank, Reserve Bank of India (RBI), UNCTAD, and others. The study utilizes time series data analysis techniques such as Correlation, Regression, Cointegration, and CHOW Test to explore the association between FDI and GDP. The findings indicate structural changes in FDI patterns in 1991 and 2008, but in the long run, there is a positive significant relationship between FDI and India’s GDP growth.

Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Co-integration, Structural Break, CHOW Test.

India’s government reports show India’s food crisis will be better in the current and upcoming fiscal year. However, the real-life situation is ambivalent to the matter. The rise in the price of commodities and the effects of natural calamities points out that the food crisis may intensify in the following year. Sri Lanka was a well-established country that used to stand at the top of the human development index. Pakistan is another country standing lower than India at the table. However, Sri Lanka is facing one of the world’s worst crises going right to the bottom from the top. Despite the vigorous efforts of the government, Pakistan is facing a food crisis again. A study of these two countries will help India’s chances to intensify the current food crisis despite the clean records. The research papers reviewed were on Sri Lanka’s food crisis, Pakistan’s food security challenge, and the present situation of India’s food security. The study shows that India is sensitive and highly prone to food insecurity.

Keywords: Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, food crisis, food security.

The paper presents an overview of the application of smart planning strategies in the management of heritage resources in Paschimavahini. The paper attempts to apply smart planning strategies as a means of conservation for protecting the heritage resources which have been exploited and are facing the axe of developers within the urban scenario.

The methodology applied to study the case of Paschimavahini are as follows - Background history, Recording the present condition of the site, Identifying the problems causing the degradation of the heritage site, conducting a household survey to understand the needs and wants of the people using the space, Activity mapping, Suggesting suitable planning strategies.

To conclude, Retrofitting enables the heritage sites to have an aesthetic appeal within the urban space and aims at educating the community and passing the monuments and sites to the next generation…

Keywords: Retrofitting, Conservation, Preservation, Heritage, Heritage site.